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24 April 2024

» arxiv » 0805.2850

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High yield production of graphene by liquid phase exfoliation of graphite
Y. Hernandez ; V. Nicolosi ; M. Lotya ; F. Blighe ; Z. Sun ; S. De ; I. T. McGovern ; B. Holland ; M. Byrne ; Y. Gunko ; J. Boland ; P. Niraj ; G. Duesberg ; S. Krishnamurti ; R. Goodhue ; J. Hutchison ; V. Scardaci ; A. C. Ferrari ; J. N. Coleman ;
Date:	19 May 2008
Abstract:	Graphene is at the centre of nanotechnology research. In order to fully exploit its outstanding properties, a mass production method is necessary. Two main routes are possible: large-scale growth or large-scale exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate graphene dispersions with concentrations up to ~0.01 mg/ml by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone. This occurs because the energy required to exfoliate graphene is balanced by the solvent-graphene interaction for solvents whose surface energy matches that of graphene. We confirm the presence of individual graphene sheets with yields of up to 12% by mass, using absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The absence of defects or oxides is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron, infra-red and Raman spectroscopies. We can produce conductive, semi-transparent films and conductive composites. Solution processing of graphene opens up a whole range of potential large-scale applications from device or sensor fabrication to liquid phase chemistry.
Source:	arXiv, 0805.2850
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