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23 April 2024

» arxiv » 1301.3913

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A Study of the Diverse T Dwarf Population Revealed by WISE
Gregory N. Mace ; J. Davy Kirkpatrick ; Michael C. Cushing ; Christopher R. Gelino ; Roger L. Griffith ; Michael F. Skrutskie ; Kenneth A. Marsh ; Edward L. Wright ; Peter R. Eisenhardt ; Ian S. McLean ; Maggie A. Thompson ; Katholeen Mix ; Vanessa Bailey ; Charles A. Beichman ; Joshua S. Bloom ; Adam J. Burgasser ; Jonathan J. Fortney ; Philip M. Hinz ; Russell P. Knox ; Patrick J. Lowrance ; Mark S. Marley ; Caroline V. Morley ; Timothy J. Rodigas ; Didier Saumon ; Scott S. Sheppard ; Nathan D. Stock ;
Date:	16 Jan 2013
Abstract:	We report the discovery of 87 new T dwarfs uncovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and three brown dwarfs with extremely red near-infrared colors that exhibit characteristics of both L and T dwarfs. Two of the new T dwarfs are likely binaries with L7+/-1 primaries and mid-type T secondaries. In addition, our follow-up program has confirmed 10 previously identified T dwarfs and four photometrically-selected L and T dwarf candidates in the literature. This sample, along with the previous WISE discoveries, triples the number of known brown dwarfs with spectral types later than T5. Using the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog we present updated color-color and color-type diagrams for all the WISE-discovered T and Y dwarfs. Near-infrared spectra of the new discoveries are presented, along with spectral classifications. To accommodate later T dwarfs we have modified the integrated flux method of determining spectral indices to instead use the median flux. Furthermore, a newly defined J-narrow index differentiates the early-type Y dwarfs from late-type T dwarfs based on the J-band continuum slope. The K/J indices for this expanded sample show that 32% of late-type T dwarfs have suppressed K-band flux and are blue relative to the spectral standards, while only 11% are redder than the standards. Comparison of the Y/J and K/J index to models suggests diverse atmospheric conditions and supports the possible re-emergence of clouds after the L/T transition. We also discuss peculiar brown dwarfs and candidates that were found not to be substellar, including two Young Stellar Objects and two Active Galactic Nuclei. The coolest WISE-discovered brown dwarfs are the closest of their type and will remain the only sample of their kind for many years to come.
Source:	arXiv, 1301.3913
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