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29 March 2024 |
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The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux | Lauren M. Weiss
; Geoffrey W. Marcy
; Jason F. Rowe
; Andrew W. Howard
; Howard Isaacson
; Jonathan J. Fortney
; Neil Miller
; Brice-Olivier Demory
; Debra A. Fischer
; Elisabeth R. Adams
; Andrea K. Dupree
; Steve B. Howell
; Rea Kolbl
; John Asher Johnson
; Elliott P. Horch
; Mark E. Everett
; Daniel C. Fabrycky
; Sara Seager
; | Date: |
9 Mar 2013 | Abstract: | We measure the mass of a modestly irradiated giant planet, KOI-94d. We wish
to determine whether this planet, which is in a 22-day orbit and receives 2700
times as much incident flux as Jupiter, is as dense as Jupiter or rarefied like
inflated hot Jupiters. KOI-94 also hosts 3 smaller transiting planets, all of
which were detected by the Kepler Mission. With 26 radial velocities of KOI-94
from the W. M. Keck Observatory and a simultaneous fit to the Kepler light
curve, we measure the mass of the giant planet and determine that it is not
inflated. Support for the planetary interpretation of the other three
candidates comes from gravitational interactions through transit timing
variations, the statistical robustness of multi-planet systems against false
positives, and several lines of evidence that no other star resides within the
photometric aperture. The radial velocity analyses of KOI-94b and KOI-94e offer
marginal (>2sigma) mass detections, whereas the observations of KOI-94c offer
only an upper limit to its mass. Using the KOI-94 system and other planets with
published values for both mass and radius (138 exoplanets total, including 35
with M < 150 Earth masses), we establish two fundamental planes for exoplanets
that relate their mass, incident flux, and radius from a few Earth masses up to
ten Jupiter masses. These equations can be used to predict the radius or mass
of a planet. | Source: | arXiv, 1303.2150 | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites |
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