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28 March 2024
 
  » arxiv » 1306.1893

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Observation of a Berry phase anti-damping spin-orbit torque
H. Kurebayashi ; Jairo Sinova ; D. Fang ; A. C. Irvine ; J. Wunderlich ; V. Novak ; R. P. Campion ; B. L. Gallagher ; E. K. Vehstedt ; L. P. Zarbo ; K. Vyborny ; A. J. Ferguson ; T. Jungwirth ;
Date 8 Jun 2013
AbstractRecent observations of current-induced magnetization switching at ferromagnet/normal-conductor interfaces have important consequences for future magnetic memory technology. In one interpretation, the switching originates from carriers with spin-dependent scattering giving rise to a relativistic anti-damping spin-orbit torque (SOT) in structures with broken space-inversion symmetry. The alternative interpretation combines the relativistic spin Hall effect (SHE), making the normal-conductor an injector of a spin-current, with the non-relativistic spin-transfer torque (STT) in the ferromagnet. Remarkably, the SHE in these experiments originates from the Berry phase effect in the band structure of a clean crystal and the anti-damping STT is also based on a disorder-independent transfer of spin from carriers to magnetization. Here we report the observation of an anti-damping SOT stemming from an analogous Berry phase effect to the SHE. The SOT alone can therefore induce magnetization dynamics based on a scattering-independent principle. The ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As we use has a broken space-inversion symmetry in the crystal. This allows us to consider a bare ferromagnetic element which eliminates by design any SHE related contribution to the spin torque. We provide an intuitive picture of the Berry phase origin of the anti-damping SOT and a microscopic modeling of measured data.
Source arXiv, 1306.1893
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