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A Cautionary Tale: MARVELS Brown Dwarf Candidate Reveals Itself To Be A Very Long Period, Highly Eccentric Spectroscopic Stellar Binary | | Claude E. Mack III
; Jian Ge
; Rohit Deshpande
; John P. Wisniewski
; Keivan G. Stassun
; B. Scott Gaudi
; Scott W. Fleming
; Suvrath Mahadevan
; Nathan De Lee
; Jason Eastman
; Luan Ghezzi
; Jonay I. Gonzalez Hernandez
; Bruno Femenia
; Leticia Ferreira
; Gustavo Porto de Mello
; Justin R. Crepp
; Daniel Mata Sanchez
; Eric Agol
; Thomas G. Beatty
; Dmitry Bizyaev
; Howard Brewington
; Phillip A. Cargile
; Luiz N. da Costa
; Massimiliano Esposito
; Garret Ebelke
; Leslie Hebb
; Peng Jiang
; Stephen R. Kane
; Brian Lee
; Marcio A. G. Maia
; Elena Malanushenko
; Victor Malanushenko
; Daniel Oravetz
; Martin Paegert
; Kaike Pan
; Carlos Allende Prieto
; Joshua Peper
; Rafael Rebolo
; Arpita Roy
; Basilio X. Santiago
; Donald P. Schneider
; Audrey Simmons
; Robert J. Siverd
; Stephanie Snedden
; Benjamin M. Tofflemire
; | | Date: |
13 Jun 2013 | | Abstract: | We report the discovery of a highly eccentric, double-lined spectroscopic
binary star system (TYC 3010-1494-1), comprising two solar-type stars that we
had initially identified as a single star with a brown dwarf companion. At the
moderate resolving power of the MARVELS spectrograph and the spectrographs used
for subsequent radial-velocity (RV) measurements (R ~ <30,000), this particular
stellar binary mimics a single-lined binary with an RV signal that would be
induced by a brown dwarf companion (Msin(i)~50 M_Jup) to a solar-type primary.
At least three properties of this system allow it to masquerade as a single
star with a very low-mass companion: its large eccentricity (e~0.8), its
relatively long period (P~238 days), and the approximately perpendicular
orientation of the semi-major axis with respect to the line of sight (omega~189
degrees). As a result of these properties, for ~95% of the orbit the two sets
of stellar spectral lines are completely blended, and the RV measurements based
on centroiding on the apparently single-lined spectrum is very well fit by an
orbit solution indicative of a brown dwarf companion on a more circular orbit
(e~0.3). Only during the ~5% of the orbit near periastron passage does the
true, double-lined nature and large RV amplitude of ~15 km/s reveal itself. The
discovery of this binary system is an important lesson for RV surveys searching
for substellar companions; at a given resolution and observing cadence, a
survey will be susceptible to these kinds of astrophysical false positives for
a range of orbital parameters. Finally, for surveys like MARVELS that lack the
resolution for a useful line bisector analysis, it is imperative to monitor the
peak of the cross-correlation function for suspicious changes in width or
shape, so that such false positives can be flagged during the candidate vetting
process. | | Source: | arXiv, 1306.3157 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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