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A Herschel study of NGC 650 | | P.A.M. van Hoof
; G.C. Van de Steene
; K.M. Exter
; M.J. Barlow
; T. Ueta
; M.A.T. Groenewegen
; W.K. Gear
; H.L. Gomez
; P.C. Hargrave
; R.J. Ivison
; S.J. Leeks
; T.L. Lim
; G. Olofsson
; E.T. Polehampton
; B.M. Swinyard
; H. Van Winckel
; C. Waelkens
; R. Wesson
; | | Date: |
12 Aug 2013 | | Abstract: | As part of the Herschel Guaranteed Time Key Project MESS (Mass loss of
Evolved StarS) we have imaged a sample of planetary nebulae. In this paper we
present the PACS and SPIRE images of the classical bipolar planetary nebula NGC
650. We used these images to derive a temperature map of the dust. We also
constructed a photoionization and dust radiative transfer model using the
spectral synthesis code Cloudy. To constrain this model, we used the PACS and
SPIRE fluxes and combined these with hitherto unpublished IUE and Spitzer IRS
spectra as well as various other data from the literature. The temperature map
combined with the photoionization model were used to study various aspects of
the central star, the nebula, and in particular the dust grains in the nebula.
The central star parameters are determined to be T_eff = 208 kK and L = 261
L_sol assuming a distance of 1200 pc. The stellar temperature is much higher
than previously published values. We confirm that the nebula is carbon-rich
with a C/O ratio of 2.1. The nebular abundances are typical for a type IIa
planetary nebula. With the photoionization model we determined that the grains
in the ionized nebula are large (assuming single-sized grains, they would have
a radius of 0.15 micron. Most likely these large grains were inherited from the
asymptotic giant branch phase. The PACS 70/160 micron temperature map shows
evidence for two radiation components heating the grains. The first component
is direct emission from the central star, while the second component is diffuse
emission from the ionized gas (mainly Ly alpha). We show that previous
suggestions that there is a photo-dissociation region surrounding the ionized
region are incorrect. The neutral material resides in dense clumps inside the
ionized region. These may also harbor stochastically heated very small grains
in addition to the large grains. | | Source: | arXiv, 1308.2477 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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