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23 April 2024 |
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Simulations and measurements of beam loss patterns at the CERN Large Hadron Collider | | R. Bruce
; R.W. Assmann
; V. Boccone
; C. Bracco
; M. Brugger
; M. Cauchi
; F. Cerutti
; D. Deboy
; A. Ferrari
; L. Lari
; A. Marsili
; A. Mereghetti
; D. Mirarchi
; E. Quaranta
; S. Redaelli
; G. Robert-Demolaize
; A. Rossi
; B. Salvachua
; E. Skordis
; C. Tambasco
; G. Valentino
; T. Weiler
; V. Vlachoudis
; D. Wollmann
; | | Date: |
10 Sep 2014 | | Abstract: | The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is designed to collide proton beams of
unprecedented energy, in order to extend the frontiers of high-energy particle
physics. During the first very successful running period in 2010--2013, the LHC
was routinely storing protons at 3.5--4 TeV with a total beam energy of up to
146 MJ, and even higher stored energies are foreseen in the future. This puts
extraordinary demands on the control of beam losses. An un-controlled loss of
even a tiny fraction of the beam could cause a superconducting magnet to
undergo a transition into a normal-conducting state, or in the worst case cause
material damage. Hence a multi-stage collimation system has been installed in
order to safely intercept high-amplitude beam protons before they are lost
elsewhere. To guarantee adequate protection from the collimators, a detailed
theoretical understanding is needed. This article presents results of numerical
simulations of the distribution of beam losses around the LHC that have leaked
out of the collimation system. The studies include tracking of protons through
the fields of more than 5000 magnets in the 27 km LHC ring over hundreds of
revolutions, and Monte-Carlo simulations of particle-matter interactions both
in collimators and machine elements being hit by escaping particles. The
simulation results agree typically within a factor 2 with measurements of beam
loss distributions from the previous LHC run. Considering the complex
simulation, which must account for a very large number of unknown
imperfections, and in view of the total losses around the ring spanning over 7
orders of magnitude, we consider this an excellent agreement. Our results give
confidence in the simulation tools, which are used also for the design of
future accelerators. | | Source: | arXiv, 1409.3123 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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