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Watermarking PDF Documents using Various Representations of Self-inverting Permutations | Maria Chroni
; Stavros D. Nikolopoulos
; | Date: |
12 Jan 2015 | Abstract: | This work provides to web users copyright protection of their Portable
Document Format (PDF) documents by proposing efficient and easily implementable
techniques for PDF watermarking; our techniques are based on the ideas of our
recently proposed watermarking techniques for software, image, and audio,
expanding thus the digital objects that can be efficiently watermarked through
the use of self-inverting permutations. In particular, we present various
representations of a self-inverting permutation $pi^*$ namely
1D-representation, 2D-representation, and RPG-representation, and show that
theses representations can be efficiently applied to PDF watermarking. Indeed,
we first present an audio-based technique for marking a PDF document $T$ by
exploiting the 1D-representation of a permutation $pi^*$, and then, since
pages of a PDF document $T$ are 2D objects, we present an image-based algorithm
for encoding $pi^*$ into $T$ by first mapping the elements of $pi^*$ into a
matrix $A^*$ and then using the information stored in $A^*$ to mark invisibly
specific areas of PDF document $T$. Finally, we describe a graph-based
watermarking algorithm for embedding a self-inverting permutation $pi^*$ into
the document structure of a PDF file $T$ by exploiting the RPG-representation
of $pi^*$ and the structure of a PDF document. We have evaluated the embedding
and extracting algorithms by testing them on various and different in
characteristics PDF documents. | Source: | arXiv, 1501.2686 | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites |
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