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The Herschel Comprehensive (U)LIRG Emission Survey (HerCULES): CO Ladders, fine structure lines, and neutral gas cooling | | M. J. F. Rosenberg
; P. P. van der Werf
; S. Aalto
; L. Armus
; V. Charmandaris
; T. Díaz-Santos
; A. S. Evans
; J. Fischer
; Y. Gao
; E. González-Alfonso
; T. R. Greve
; A. I. Harris
; C. Henkel
; F. P. Israel
; K. G. Isaak
; C. Kramer
; R. Meijerink
; D. A. Naylor
; D. B. Sanders
; H. A. Smith
; M. Spaans
; L. Spinoglio
; G. J. Stacey
; I. Veenendaal
; S. Veilleux
; F. Walter
; A. Weiß
; M. C. Wiedner
; M. H. D. van der Wiel
; E. M. Xilouris
; | | Date: |
13 Jan 2015 | | Abstract: | (Ultra) Luminous Infrared Galaxies ((U)LIRGs) are objects characterized by
their extreme infrared (8-1000 $mu$m) luminosities ($L_{LIRG}>10^{11}
$L$_odot$ and $L_{ULIRG}>10^{12}$ L$_odot$). The Herschel Comprehensive ULIRG
Emission Survey (HerCULES; PI van der Werf) presents a representative
flux-limited sample of 29 (U)LIRGs that spans the full luminosity range of
these objects (10$^{11}leq L_odot geq10^{13}$). With the emph{Herschel
Space Observatory}, we observe [CII] 157 $mu$m, [OI] 63 $mu$m, and [OI] 145
$mu$m line emission with PACS, CO J=4-3 through J=13-12, [CI] 370 $mu$m, and
[CI] 609 $mu$m with SPIRE, and low-J CO transitions with ground-based
telescopes. The CO ladders of the sample are separated into three classes based
on their excitation level. In 13 of the galaxies, the [OI] 63 $mu$m emission
line is self absorbed. Comparing the CO excitation to the IRAS 60/100 $mu$m
ratio and to far infrared luminosity, we find that the CO excitation is more
correlated to the far infrared colors. We present cooling budgets for the
galaxies and find fine-structure line flux deficits in the [CII], [SiII], [OI],
and [CI] lines in the objects with the highest far IR fluxes, but do not
observe this for CO $4leq J_{upp}leq13$. In order to study the heating of the
molecular gas, we present a combination of three diagnostic quantities to help
determine the dominant heating source. Using the CO excitation, the CO J=1-0
linewidth, and the AGN contribution, we conclude that galaxies with large CO
linewidths always have high-excitation CO ladders, and often low AGN
contributions, suggesting that mechanical heating is important. | | Source: | arXiv, 1501.2985 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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