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Self-Organized Criticality and $1/f$ Noise in Traffic | | Maya Paczuski
; Kai Nagel
; | | Date: |
2 Feb 1996 | | Subject: | Condensed Matter; Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems | cond-mat adap-org nlin.AO | | Abstract: | Phantom traffic jams may emerge ``out of nowhere’’ from small fluctuations rather than being triggered by large, exceptional events. We show how phantom jams arise in a model of single lane highway traffic, which mimics human driving behavior. Surprisingly, the optimal state of highest efficiency, with the largest throughput, is a critical state with traffic jams of all sizes. We demonstrate that open systems self-organize to the most efficient state. In the model we study, this critical state is a percolation transition for the phantom traffic jams. At criticality, the individual jams have a complicated fractal structure where cars follow an intermittent stop and go pattern. We analytically derive the form of the corresponding power spectrum to be $1/f^{alpha}$ with $alpha =1$ exactly. This theoretical prediction agrees with our numerical simulations and with observations of $1/f$ noise in real traffic. | | Source: | arXiv, cond-mat/9602011 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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