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28 March 2024
 
  » arxiv » 1603.1353

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Rate-distance tradeoff and resource costs for all-optical quantum repeaters
Mihir Pant ; Hari Krovi ; Dirk Englund ; Saikat Guha ;
Date 4 Mar 2016
AbstractWe present a resource-performance tradeoff calculation of an all-optical repeater architecture that uses photon sources, linear optics, photon detectors and classical feedforward at each repeater node, but no quantum memories. The secret-key generation rate attainable by any repeaterless quantum key distribution protocol over an optical channel of transmissivity $eta$ is at most $R_{ m direct}(eta) = -log_2(1-eta) approx (1/ln 2)eta$ bits per mode, for $eta ll 1$. With the device resources (number of photon sources and detectors) held fixed at each repeater node, we show that the key rate achieved by our protocol has the form $R(eta) = Deta^s$ bits per mode, where $D$ and $s$ are functions of the aforesaid resource constraint and various losses in the system. Even with lossy sources, inefficient detectors, and coupling and propagation losses in optical fibers and waveguides, we show that it is possible to achieve $s < 1$, and hence outperform the repeaterless rate-loss upper bound $R_{ m direct}(eta)$ beyond a certain total range $L$, where $eta sim e^{-alpha L}$ in optical fiber. We also propose a suite of modifications to a recently-proposed all-optical repeater protocol that our protocol builds upon, which lowers the number of photon sources required to create photonic clusters at the repeater nodes so as to outperform the repeaterless bound, by $5$ orders of magnitude, from $sim 10^{11}$ to $sim 10^{6}$ photon sources per repeater node. We show that the optimum separation between repeater stations is independent of the total range $L$, and is around $1.5$ km for assumptions we make on various device losses.
Source arXiv, 1603.1353
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