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28 March 2024
 
  » arxiv » 1603.7730

 Article overview


Acceleration of petaelectronvolt protons in the Galactic Centre
H.E.S.S. collaboration ; A. Abramowski ; F. Aharonian ; F. Ait Benkhali ; A. G. Akhperjanian ; E. O. Angüner ; M. Backes ; A. Balzer ; Y. Becherini ; J. Becker Tjus ; D. Berge ; S. Bernhard ; K. Bernlöhr ; E. Birsin ; R. Blackwell ; M. Böttcher ; C. Boisson ; J. Bolmont ; P. Bordas ; J. Bregeon ; F. Brun ; P. Brun ; M. Bryan ; T. Bulik ; J. Carr ; S. Casanova ; N. Chakraborty ; R. Chalme-Calvet ; R. C. G. Chaves ; A. Chen ; M. Chrétien ; S. Colafrancesco ; G. Cologna ; J. Conrad ; C. Couturier ; Y. Cui ; I. D. Davids ; B. Degrange ; C. Deil ; P. deWilt ; A. Djannati-Ataï ; W. Domainko ; A. Donath ; L. O'C. Drury ; G. Dubus ; K. Dutson ; J. Dyks ; M. Dyrda ; T. Edwards ; K. Egberts ; P. Eger ; J.-P. Ernenwein ; P. Espigat ; C. Farnier ; S. Fegan ; F. Feinstein ; M. V. Fernandes ; D. Fernandez ; A. Fiasson ; G. Fontaine ; A. Förster ; M. Füßling ; S. Gabici ; M. Gajdus ; Y. A. Gallant ; T. Garrigoux ; G. Giavitto ; B. Giebels ; J. F. Glicenstein ; D. Gottschall ; A. Goyal ; M.-H. Grondin ; M. Grudzińska ; D. Hadasch ; S. Häffner ; J. Hahn ; J. Hawkes ; G. Heinzelmann ; G. Henri ; G. Hermann ; O. Hervet ; A. Hillert ; J. A. Hinton ; W. Hofmann ; P. Hofverberg ; C. Hoischen ; M. Holler ; D. Horns ; A. Ivascenko ; A. Jacholkowska ; M. Jamrozy ; M. Janiak ; F. Jankowsky ; I. Jung-Richardt ; M. A. Kastendieck ; K. Katarzyński ; U. Katz ; D. Kerszberg ; B. Khélifi ; M. Kieffer ; S. Klepser ; D. Klochkov ; W. Kluźniak ; D. Kolitzus ; Nu. Komin ; K. Kosack ; S. Krakau ; F. Krayzel ; P. P. Krüger ; H. Laffon ; G. Lamanna ; J. Lau ; J. Lefaucheur ; V. Lefranc ; A. Lemiére ; M. Lemoine-Goumard ; J.-P. Lenain ; T. Lohse ; A. Lopatin ; C.-C. Lu ; R. Lui ; V. Marandon ; A. Marcowith ; C. Mariaud ; R. Marx ; G. Maurin ; N. Maxted ; M. Mayer ; P. J. Meintjes ; U. Menzler ; M. Meyer ; A. M. W. Mitchell ; R. Moderski ; M. Mohamed ; K. Morå ; E. Moulin ; T. Murach ; M. de Naurois ; J. Niemiec ; L. Oakes ; H. Odaka ; S. Öttl ; S. Ohm ; B. Opitz ; M. Ostrowski ; I. Oya ; M. Panter ; R. D. Parsons ; M. Paz Arribas ; N. W. Pekeur ; G. Pelletier ; P.-O. Petrucci ; B. Peyaud ; S. Pita ; H. Poon ; H. Prokoph ; G. Pühlhofer ; M. Punch ; A. Quirrenbach ; S. Raab ; I. Reichardt ; A. Reimer ; O. Reimer ; M. Renaud ; R. de los Reyes ; F. Rieger ; C. Romoli ; S. Rosier-Lees ; G. Rowell ; B. Rudak ; C. B. Rulten ; V. Sahakian ; D. Salek ; D. A. Sanchez ; A. Santangelo ; M. Sasaki ; R. Schlickeiser ; F. Schüssler ; A. Schulz ; U. Schwanke ; S. Schwemmer ; A. S. Seyffert ; R. Simoni ; H. Sol ; F. Spanier ; G. Spengler ; F. Spies ; Ł. Stawarz ; R. Steenkamp ; C. Stegmann ; F. Stinzing ; K. Stycz ; I. Sushch ; J.-P. Tavernet ; T. Tavernier ; A. M. Taylor ; R. Terrier ; M. Tluczykont ; C. Trichard ; R. Tuffs ; K. Valerius ; J. van der Walt ; C. van Eldik ; B. van Soelen ; G. Vasileiadis ; J. Veh ; C. Venter ; A. Viana ; P. Vincent ; J. Vink ; F. Voisin ; H. J. Völk ; T. Vuillaume ; S. J. Wagner ; P. Wagner ; R. M. Wagner ; M. Weidinger ; Q. Weitzel ; R. White ; A. Wierzcholska ; P. Willmann ; A. Wörnlein ; D. Wouters ; R. Yang ; V. Zabalza ; D. Zaborov ; M. Zacharias ; A. A. Zdziarski ; A. Zech ; F. Zefi ; N. Żywucka ;
Date 24 Mar 2016
AbstractGalactic cosmic rays reach energies of at least a few Peta-electronvolts (1 PeV =$10^mathbf{15}$ electron volts). This implies our Galaxy contains PeV accelerators (PeVatrons), but all proposed models of Galactic cosmic-ray accelerators encounter non-trivial difficulties at exactly these energies. Tens of Galactic accelerators capable of accelerating particle to tens of TeV (1 TeV =$10^mathbf{12}$ electron volts) energies were inferred from recent gamma-ray observations. None of the currently known accelerators, however, not even the handful of shell-type supernova remnants commonly believed to supply most Galactic cosmic rays, have shown the characteristic tracers of PeV particles: power-law spectra of gamma rays extending without a cutoff or a spectral break to tens of TeV. Here we report deep gamma-ray observations with arcminute angular resolution of the Galactic Centre regions, which show the expected tracer of the presence of PeV particles within the central 10~parsec of the Galaxy. We argue that the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* is linked to this PeVatron. Sagittarius A* went through active phases in the past, as demonstrated by X-ray outbursts and an outflow from the Galactic Centre. Although its current rate of particle acceleration is not sufficient to provide a substantial contribution to Galactic cosmic rays, Sagittarius A* could have plausibly been more active over the last $gtrsim 10^{6-7}$ years, and therefore should be considered as a viable alternative to supernova remnants as a source of PeV Galactic cosmic rays.
Source arXiv, 1603.7730
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