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29 March 2024
 
  » arxiv » astro-ph/0411284

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Terrestrial Ozone Depletion Due to a Milky Way Gamma-Ray Burst
Brian C. Thomas ; Charles H. Jackman ; Adrian L. Melott ; Claude M. Laird ; Richard S. Stolarski ; Neil Gehrels ; John K. Cannizzo ; Daniel P. Hogan ;
Date 10 Nov 2004
Journal Astrophys.J. 622 (2005) L153-L156
Subject Astrophysics; Populations and Evolution; Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics; Geophysics; Space Physics | astro-ph physics.ao-ph physics.geo-ph physics.space-ph q-bio.PE
Affiliation University of Kansas) ( NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
AbstractBased on cosmological rates, it is probable that at least once in the last Gy the Earth has been irradiated by a gamma-ray burst in our Galaxy from within 2 kpc. Using a two-dimensional atmospheric model we have performed the first computation of the effects upon the Earth’s atmosphere of one such impulsive event. A ten second burst delivering 100 kJ/m^2 to the Earth penetrates to the stratosphere and results in globally averaged ozone depletion of 35%, with depletion reaching 55% at some latitudes. Significant global depletion persists for over 5 years after the burst. This depletion would have dramatic implications for life since a 50% decrease in ozone column density results in approximately three times the normal UVB flux. Widespread extinctions are likely, based on extrapolation from UVB sensitivity of modern organisms. Additional effects include a shot of nitrate fertilizer and NO2 opacity in the visible providing a cooling perturbation to the climate over a similar timescale. These results lend support to the hypothesis that a GRB may have initiated the late Ordovician mass extinction (Melott et al. 2004).
Source arXiv, astro-ph/0411284
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