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Detection of ionized calcium in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9b | | Jake D. Turner
; Ernst J. W. de Mooij
; Ray Jayawardhana
; Mitchell E. Young
; Luca Fossati
; Tommi Koskinen
; Joshua D. Lothringer
; Raine Karjalainen
; Marie Karjalainen
; | | Date: |
15 Oct 2019 | | Abstract: | With a day-side temperature in excess of 4500K, comparable to a mid-K-type
star, KELT-9b is the hottest planet known. Its extreme temperature makes
KELT-9b a particularly interesting test bed for investigating the nature and
diversity of gas giant planets. We observed the transit of KELT-9b at high
spectral resolution (R$sim$94,600) with the CARMENES instrument on the Calar
Alto 3.5-m telescope. Using these data, we detect for the first time ionized
calcium (CaII triplet) absorption in the atmosphere of KELT-9b; this is the
second time that CaII has been observed in a hot Jupiter. Our observations also
reveal prominent H$alpha$ absorption, confirming the presence of an extended
hydrogen envelope around KELT-9b. We compare our detections with an atmospheric
model and find that all four lines form between atmospheric temperatures of
6100 K and 8000 K and that the CaII lines form at pressures between 50 and 100
nbar while the H$alpha$ line forms at a lower pressure ($sim$10 nbar), higher
up in the atmosphere. The altitude that the core of H$alpha$ line forms is
found to be $sim$1.33 R$_{p}$, well within the planetary Roche lobe
($sim$1.91 R$_{p}$). Therefore, rather than probing the escaping upper
atmosphere directly, the H$alpha$ line and the other observed Balmer and metal
lines serve as atmospheric thermometers enabling us to probe the planet’s
temperature profile, thus energy budget. | | Source: | arXiv, 1910.6882 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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