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TOI-1235 b: a keystone super-Earth for testing radius valley emergence models around early M dwarfs | | Ryan Cloutier
; Joseph E. Rodriguez
; Jonathan Irwin
; David Charbonneau
; Keivan G. Stassun
; Annelies Mortier
; David W. Latham
; Howard Isaacson
; Andrew W. Howard
; Stéphane Udry
; Thomas G. Wilson
; Christopher A. Watson
; Matteo Pinamonti
; Florian Lienhard
; Paolo Giacobbe
; Pere Guerra
; Karen A. Collins
; Allyson Beiryla
; Gilbert A. Esquerdo
; Elisabeth Matthews
; Ian J. M. Crossfield
; Jennifer G. Winters
; Chantanelle Nava
; Kristo Ment
; Eric D. Lopez
; George Ricker
; Roland Vanderspek
; Sara Seager
; Jon M. Jenkins
; Eric B. Ting
; Peter Tenenbaum
; Alessandro Sozzetti
; Lizhou Sha
; Damien Ségransan
; Joshua E. Schlieder
; Dimitar Sasselov
; Arpita Roy
; Paul Robertson
; Ken Rice
; Ennio Poretti
; Giampaolo Piotto
; David Phillips
; Joshua Pepper
; Francesco Pepe
; Emilio Molinari
; Teo Mocnik
; Giuseppina Micela
; Michel Mayor
; Rachel A. Matson
; Aldo F. Martinez Fiorenzano
; Franco Mallia
; Jack Lubin
; Christophe Lovis
; Mercedes López-Morales
; Molly R. Kosiarek
; John F. Kielkopf
; Stephen R. Kane
; Eric L. N. Jensen
; Giovanni Isopi
; Daniel Huber
; Steve B. Howell
; Michelle L. Hill
; Avet Harutyunyan
; Erica Gonzales
; Steven Giacalone
; Adriano Ghedina
; Andrea Ercolino
; Xavier Dumusque
; Courtney D. Dressing
; Mario Damasso
; Paul A. Dalba
; Rosario Cosentino
; Dennis M. Conti
; Knicole D. Colón
; Kevin I. Collins
; Andrew Collier Cameron
; David Ciardi
; Jessie Christiansen
; Ashley Chontos
; Massimo Cecconi
; Douglas A. Caldwell
; Christopher Burke
; Lars Buchhave
; Charles Beichman
; Aida Behmard
; Corey Beard
; Joseph M. Akana Murphy
; | | Date: |
14 Apr 2020 | | Abstract: | Small planets on close-in orbits tend to exhibit envelope mass fractions of
either effectively zero or up to a few percent depending on their size and
orbital period. Models of thermally-driven atmospheric mass loss and of
terrestrial planet formation in a gas-poor environment make distinct
predictions regarding the location of this rocky/non-rocky transition in
period-radius space. Here we present the confirmation of TOI-1235 b ($P=3.44$
days, $r_p=1.738^{+0.087}_{-0.076}$ R$_{oplus}$), a planet whose size and
period are intermediate between the competing model predictions, thus making
the system an important test case for emergence models of the rocky/non-rocky
transition around early M dwarfs ($R_s=0.630pm 0.015$ R$_{odot}$,
$M_s=0.640pm 0.016$ M$_{odot}$). We confirm the TESS planet discovery using
reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometry, high-resolution imaging,
and a set of 38 precise radial-velocities from HARPS-N and HIRES. We measure a
planet mass of $6.91^{+0.75}_{-0.85}$ M$_{oplus}$ which implies an iron core
mass fraction of $20^{+15}_{-12}$% in the absence of a gaseous envelope. The
bulk composition of TOI-1235 b is therefore consistent with being Earth-like
and we constrain a H/He envelope mass fraction to be $<0.5$% at 90% confidence.
Our results are consistent with model predictions from thermally-driven
atmospheric mass loss but not with gas-poor formation, which suggests that the
former class of processes remain efficient at sculpting close-in planets around
early M dwarfs. Our RV analysis also reveals a strong periodicity close to the
first harmonic of the photometrically-determined stellar rotation period that
we treat as stellar activity, despite other lines of evidence favoring a
planetary origin ($P=21.8^{+0.9}_{-0.8}$ days, $m_psin{i}=13.0^{+3.8}_{-5.3}$
M$_{oplus}$) that cannot be firmly ruled out by our data. | | Source: | arXiv, 2004.6682 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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