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29 March 2024
 
  » arxiv » 2007.6342

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Nanoscale-confined and low-loss terahertz phonon polaritons in a hyperbolic van der Waals crystal
Thales V. A. G. de Oliveira ; Tobias Nörenberg ; Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez ; Lukas Wehmeier ; Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez ; Maximilian Obst ; Franz Hempel ; Eduardo J.H. Lee ; John M. Klopf ; Ion Errea ; Alexey Y. Nikitin ; Susanne C. Kehr ; Pablo Alonso-Gonzaléz ; Lukas M. Eng ;
Date 13 Jul 2020
AbstractElectromagnetic field confinement is crucial for nanophotonic technologies, since it allows for enhancing light-matter interactions, thus enabling light manipulation in deep sub-wavelength scales. In the terahertz (THz) spectral range, radiation confinement is conventionally achieved with specially designed metallic structures - such as antennas or nanoslits - with large footprints due to the rather long wavelengths of THz radiation. In this context, phonon polaritons - light coupled to lattice vibrations - in van der Waals (vdW) crystals have emerged as a promising solution for controlling light beyond the diffraction limit, as they feature extreme field confinements and low optical losses. However, experimental demonstration of nanoscale-confined phonon polaritons at THz frequencies has so far remained elusive. Here, we provide it by employing scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) combined with a free-electron laser (FEL) to reveal a range of low-loss polaritonic excitations at frequencies from 8 to 12 THz in the vdW semiconductor {alpha}-$MoO_3$. We visualize THz polaritons with i) in-plane hyperbolic dispersion, ii) extreme nanoscale field confinement (below ${lambda}_o$/75) and iii) long polariton lifetimes, with a lower limit of > 2 ps.
Source arXiv, 2007.6342
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