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28 March 2024
 
  » arxiv » 2010.01074

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Refining the transit timing and photometric analysis of TRAPPIST-1: Masses, radii, densities, dynamics, and ephemerides
Eric Agol ; Caroline Dorn ; Simon L. Grimm ; Martin Turbet ; Elsa Ducrot ; Laetitia Delrez ; Michael Gillon ; Brice-Olivier Demory ; Artem Burdanov ; Khalid Barkaoui ; Zouhair Benkhaldoun ; Emeline Bolmont ; Adam Burgasser ; Sean Carey ; Julien de Wit ; Daniel Fabrycky ; Daniel Foreman-Mackey ; Jonas Haldemann ; David M. Hernandez ; James Ingalls ; Emmanuel Jehin ; Zachary Langford ; Jeremy Leconte ; Susan M. Lederer ; Rodrigo Luger ; Renu Malhotra ; Victoria S. Meadows ; Brett M. Morris ; Francisco J. Pozuelos ; Didier Queloz ; Sean M. Raymond ; Franck Selsis ; Marko Sestovic ; Amaury H.M.J. Triaud ; Valerie Van Grootel ;
Date 2 Oct 2020
AbstractWe have collected transit times for the TRAPPIST-1 system with the Spitzer Space Telescope over four years. We add to these ground-based, HST and K2 transit time measurements, and revisit an N-body dynamical analysis of the seven-planet system using our complete set of times from which we refine the mass ratios of the planets to the star. We next carry out a photodynamical analysis of the Spitzer light curves to derive the density of the host star and the planet densities. We find that all seven planets’ densities may be described with a single rocky mass-radius relation which is depleted in iron relative to Earth, with Fe 21 wt% versus 32 wt% for Earth, and otherwise Earth-like in composition. Alternatively, the planets may have an Earth-like composition, but enhanced in light elements, such as a surface water layer or a core-free structure with oxidized iron in the mantle. We measure planet masses to a precision of 3-5%, equivalent to a radial-velocity (RV) precision of 2.5 cm/sec, or two orders of magnitude more precise than current RV capabilities. We find the eccentricities of the planets are very small; the orbits are extremely coplanar; and the system is stable on 10 Myr timescales. We find evidence of infrequent timing outliers which we cannot explain with an eighth planet; we instead account for the outliers using a robust likelihood function. We forecast JWST timing observations, and speculate on possible implications of the planet densities for the formation, migration and evolution of the planet system.
Source arXiv, 2010.01074
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