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Initial Visible and Mid-IR Characterization of P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS), an Active Transitioning Centaur Among the Trojans, with Hubble, Spitzer, ZTF, Keck, APO and GROWTH Imaging and Spectroscopy | Bryce T. Bolin
; Yanga R. Fernandez
; Carey M. Lisse
; Timothy R. Holt
; Zhong-Yi Lin
; Josiah N. Purdum
; Kunal P. Deshmukh
; James M. Bauer
; Eric C. Bellm
; Dennis Bodewits
; Kevin B. Burdge
; Sean J. Carey
; Chris M. Copperwheat
; George Helou
; Anna Y. Q. Ho
; Jonathan Horner
; Jan van Roestel
; Varun Bhalerao
; Chan-Kao Chang
; Christine Chen
; Chen-Yen Hsu
; Wing-Huen Ip
; Mansi M. Kasliwal
; Frank J. Masci
; Chow-Choong Ngeow
; Robert Quimby
; Rick Burruss
; Michael Coughlin
; Richard Dekany
; Alexandre Delacroix
; Andrew Drake
; Dmitry A. Duev
; Matthew Graham
; David Hale
; Thomas Kupfer
; Russ R. Laher
; Ashish Mahabal
; Przemyslaw J. Mróz
; James D. Neill
; Reed Riddle
; Hector Rodriguez
; Roger M. Smith
; Maayane T. Soumagnac
; Richard Walters
; Lin Yan
; Jeffry Zolkower
; | Date: |
7 Nov 2020 | Abstract: | We present visible and mid-infrared imagery and photometry of Jovian
co-orbital comet P/2019 LD$_2$ (ATLAS) taken with Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3
on 2020 April 1, Spitzer Space Telescope/IRAC on 2020 January 25, Zwicky
Transient Facility between 2019 April 9 and 2019 Nov 8 and the GROWTH telescope
network from 2020 May to July, as well as visible spectroscopy from Keck/LRIS
on 2020 August 19. Our observations indicate that LD$_2$ has a nucleus with
radius 0.2-1.8 km assuming a 0.08 albedo and that the coma is dominated by
$sim$100 $mu$ m-scale dust ejected at $sim$1 m/s speeds with a $sim$1’’ jet
pointing in the SW direction. LD$_2$ experienced a total dust mass loss of
$sim$10$^8$ kg and dust mass loss rate of $sim$6 kg/s with
Af$
ho$/cross-section varying between $sim$85 cm/125 km$^2$ and $sim$200
cm/310 km$^2$ between 2019 April 9 and 2019 Nov 8. If the
Af$
ho$/cross-section increase remained constant, it implies that LD$_2$ has
remained active since $sim$2018 November when it came within 4.8 au of the
Sun, a typical distance for comets to begin sublimation of H$_2$O. From our 4.5
$mu$m Spitzer observations, we set a limit on CO/CO$_2$ gas production of
$sim$10$^{27}$/$sim$10$^{26}$ mol/s. Multiple bandpass photometry of LD$_2$
taken by the GROWTH network measured in a 10,000 km aperture provide color
measurements of $g$-$r$ = 0.59$pm$0.03, $r$-$i$ = 0.18$pm$0.05, and $i$-$z$ =
0.01$pm$0.07, colors typical of comets. We set a spectroscopic upper limit to
the production of H$_2$O gas of $sim$80 kg/s. Improving the orbital solution
for LD$_2$ with our observations, we determine that the long-term orbit of
LD$_2$ is that of a typical Jupiter Family Comet having close encounters with
Jupiter coming within $sim$0.5 Hill radius in the last $sim$3 y to within 0.8
Hill radius in $sim$9 y and has a 95$\%$ chance of being ejected from the
Solar System in $<$ 10 Myr. | Source: | arXiv, 2011.03782 | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites |
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