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Theory of Interaction Effects in N-S Junctions out of Equilibrium | | B.N. Narozhny
; I.L. Aleiner
; B.L. Altshuler
; | | Date: |
15 Mar 1999 | | Subject: | Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect; Superconductivity | cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.supr-con | | Abstract: | We consider a normal metal - superconductor (N-S) junction in the regime, when electrons in the normal metal are driven out of equilibrium. We show that the non-equilibrium fluctuations of the electron density in the N-layer cause the fluctuations of the phase of the order parameter in the S-layer. As a result, the density of states in the superconductor deviates from the BCS form, most notably the density of states in the gap becomes finite. This effect can be viewed as a result of the time reversal symmetry breaking due to the non-equilibrium, and can be described in terms of a low energy collective mode of the junction, which couples normal currents in N-layer and supercurrents. This mode is analogous to the Schmid-Schön mode. To interpret their measurements of the tunneling current, Pothier {em et. al} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {f 79}, 3490 (1997)] had to assume that the energy relaxation rate in the normal metal is surprisingly high. The broadening of the BCS singularity of the density of states in the S-layer manifest itself similarly to the broadening of the distribution function. Mechanism suggested here can be a possible explanation of this experimental puzzle. We also propose an independent experiment to test our explanation. | | Source: | arXiv, cond-mat/9903239 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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