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Fully gapped topological surface states in Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films induced by a d-wave high-temperature superconductor
Eryin Wang ; Hao Ding ; Alexei V. Fedorov ; Wei Yao ; Zhi Li ; Yan-Feng Lv ; Kun Zhao ; Li-Guo Zhang ; Zhijun Xu ; John Schneeloch ; Ruidan Zhong ; Shuai-Hua Ji ; Lili Wang ; Ke He ; Xucun Ma ; Genda Gu ; Hong Yao ; Qi-Kun Xue ; Xi Chen ; Shuyun Zhou ;
Date:	25 Sep 2013
Abstract:	Topological insulators are a new class of materials, that exhibit robust gapless surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry. The interplay between such symmetry-protected topological surface states and symmetry-broken states (e.g. superconductivity) provides a platform for exploring novel quantum phenomena and new functionalities, such as 1D chiral or helical gapless Majorana fermions, and Majorana zero modes which may find application in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Inducing superconductivity on topological surface states is a prerequisite for their experimental realization. Here by growing high quality topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films on a d-wave superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+delta}$ using molecular beam epitaxy, we are able to induce high temperature superconductivity on the surface states of Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films with a large pairing gap up to 15 meV. Interestingly, distinct from the d-wave pairing of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+delta}$, the proximity-induced gap on the surface states is nearly isotropic and consistent with predominant s-wave pairing as revealed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our work could provide a critical step toward the realization of the long sought-after Majorana zero modes.
Source:	arXiv, 1309.6676
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