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Challenges of sampling and how phylogenetic comparative methods help: With a case study of the Pama-Nyungan laminal contrast | | Jayden L. Macklin-Cordes
; Erich R. Round
; | | Date: |
1 Jan 2022 | | Abstract: | Phylogenetic comparative methods are new in our field and are shrouded, for
most linguists, in at least a little mystery. Yet the path that led to their
discovery in comparative biology is so similar to the methodological history of
balanced sampling, that it is only an accident of history that they were not
discovered by a typologist. Here we clarify the essential logic behind
phylogenetic comparative methods and their fundamental relatedness to a deep
intellectual tradition focussed on sampling. Then we introduce concepts,
methods and tools which will enable typologists to use these methods in
everyday typological research. The key commonality of phylogenetic comparative
methods and balanced sampling is that they attempt to deal with statistical
non-independence due to genealogy. Whereas sampling can never achieve
independence and requires most comparative data to be discarded, phylogenetic
comparative methods achieve independence while retaining and using all data. We
discuss the essential notions of phylogenetic signal; uncertainty about trees;
typological averages and proportions that are sensitive to genealogy;
comparison across language families; and the effects of areality. Extensive
supplementary materials illustrate computational tools for practical analysis
and we illustrate the methods discussed with a typological case study of the
laminal contrast in Pama-Nyungan. | | Source: | arXiv, 2201.00195 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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