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Modeling Kepler transit light curves as false positives: Rejection of blend scenarios for KOI-377, and strong evidence for a super-Earth-size planet in a multiple system | | Guillermo Torres
; François Fressin
; Natalie M. Batalha
; William J. Borucki
; Timothy M. Brown
; Stephen T. Bryson
; Lars A. Buchhave
; David Charbonneau
; David R. Ciardi
; Edward W. Dunham
; Daniel C. Fabrycky
; Eric B. Ford
; Thomas N. Gautier III
; Ronald L. Gilliland
; Matthew J. Holman
; Steve B. Howell
; Howard Isaacson
; Jon M. Jenkins
; David G. Koch
; David W. Latham
; Jack J. Lissauer
; Geoffrey W. Marcy
; David G. Monet
; Andrej Prsa
; Darin Ragozzine
; Jason F. Rowe
; Dimitar D. Sasselov
; | | Date: |
25 Aug 2010 | | Abstract: | The high-precision light curves from the Kepler mission contain valuable
information on the nature of the phenomena producing the transit-like signals.
To assist in exploring the possibility that they are the result of an
astrophysical false positive, we describe a procedure we refer to as BLENDER to
model the photometry not in terms of a planet orbiting a star, but instead as a
"blend". A blend may consist of a background or foreground eclipsing binary (or
star-planet pair) whose eclipses are attenuated by the light of the candidate
and possibly other stars within the photometric aperture. We apply the
technique to the case of KOI-377, a particularly interesting Kepler target
harboring two previously confirmed Saturn-size planets (Kepler-9 b and Kepler-9
c) showing transit timing variations, and an additional shallower signal with a
1.6-day period that would correspond to a super-Earth with a radius of 1.4
R(Earth), the smallest yet discovered. Using BLENDER together with constraints
from high-resolution imaging, spectroscopy, and astrometry (centroid motions),
we are able to rule out all blends for the two deeper signals and provide
independent validation of their planetary nature. For the shallower signal we
rule out a large fraction of the false positive scenarios that might mimic
these transit-like events. The false alarm rate (FAR) for remaining blends
depends in part (and inversely) on the unknown frequency of small-size planets.
Our most conservative (smallest) estimates of this frequency lead to a FAR of
0.0059, implying a high likelihood that the signal is due to a super-Earth-size
planet rather than a false positive. | | Source: | arXiv, 1008.4393 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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