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26 April 2024 |
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Article overview
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Immunological determinants of clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A quantitative perspective | | Elizabeth Krieger
; Nicole Vissichelli
; Stefan Leichtle
; Markos Kashioris
; Roy Sabo
; Don Brophy
; Xiang-Yang Wang
; Pamela Kimbal
; Michael Neale
; Myrna G. Serrano
; Gregory A. Buck
; Catherine Roberts
; Rehan Qayyum
; Daniel Nixon
; Steven Grossman
; Amir A. Toor
; | | Date: |
13 May 2020 | | Abstract: | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a variable
clinical presentation that ranges from asymptomatic, to severe disease with
cytokine storm. The mortality rates also differ across the globe, ranging from
0.5-13%. This variation is likely due to both pathogen and host factors. Host
factors may include genetic differences in the immune response genes as well as
variation in HLA and KIR allotypes. To better understand the what impact these
genetic variants in immune response genes may have in the differences observed
in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, a quantitative analysis of a dynamical
systems model that considers both, the magnitude of viral growth, and the
subsequent innate and adaptive response required to achieve control of
infection is considered. Based on this broad quantitative framework it may be
posited that the spectrum of symptomatic to severely symptomatic presentations
of COVID19 represents the balance between innate and adaptive immune responses.
In asymptomatic patients prompt and adequate adaptive immune response quells
infection, whereas in those with severe symptoms a slower inadequate adaptive
response leads to a runaway cytokine cascade fueled by ongoing viral
replication. Polymorphisms in the various components of the innate and adaptive
immune response may cause an altered immune response kinetics that would result
in variable severity of illness. Understanding how this genetic variation may
alter the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical to develop successful
treatment strategies. | | Source: | arXiv, 2005.6541 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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