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Theory of classical metastability in open quantum systems | | Katarzyna Macieszczak
; Dominic C. Rose
; Igor Lesanovsky
; Juan P. Garrahan
; | | Date: |
1 Jun 2020 | | Abstract: | We present a general theory of classical metastability in open quantum
systems. Metastability is a consequence of a large separation in timescales in
the dynamics, leading to the existence of a regime when states of the system
appear stationary, before eventual relaxation towards a true stationary state
at much larger times. In this work, we focus on the emergence of classical
metastability, i.e., when metastable states of an open quantum system with
separation of timescales can be approximated as probabilistic mixtures of a
finite number of states. We find that a number of classical features follow
from this approximation, for both the manifold of metastable states and
long-time dynamics between them. Namely, those states are approximately
disjoint and thus play the role of metastable phases, and the relaxation
towards the stationary state is approximated by a classical stochastic dynamics
between them. Importantly, the classical dynamics is observed not only on
average, but also at the level of individual quantum trajectories: we show that
time coarse-grained continuous measurement records can be viewed as noisy
classical trajectories, while their statistics can be approximated by that of
the classical dynamics. Among others, this explains how first-order dynamical
phase transitions arise from metastability. Finally, in order to verify the
presence of classical metastability in a given open quantum system, we develop
an efficient numerical approach that delivers the set of metastable phases
together with the effective classical dynamics. Since the proximity to a
first-order dissipative phase transition manifests as metastability, the theory
and tools introduced in this work can be used to investigate such transitions -
which occur in the large size limit - through the metastable behavior of
many-body systems of moderate sizes accessible to numerics. | | Source: | arXiv, 2006.1227 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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