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Josephson-Junction Qubits and the Readout Process by Single-Electron Transistors | | Yuriy Makhlin
; Gerd Schoen
; Alexander Shnirman
; | | Date: |
3 Nov 1998 | | Journal: | In: Exploring the Quantum-Classical Frontier, pp. 405-440. Eds. J.R. Friedman and S. Han, Nova Science, Commack, NY, 2002 | | Subject: | Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect | cond-mat.mes-hall quant-ph | | Abstract: | Several physical realizations of quantum bits have been proposed. Of those, nano-electronic devices appear most suitable for large-scale integration and potential applications. We suggest to use low-capacitance Josephson junctions, exploiting the coherence of tunneling in the superconducting state combined with the possibility to control individual charges by Coulomb blockade effects (cond-mat/9706016,cond-mat/9808067). These systems constitute quantum bits, with logical states differing by one Cooper-pair charge. Single- and two-bit operations can be performed by applying a sequence of gate voltages. The phase coherence time is sufficiently long to allow a series of these steps. In addition to the manipulation of qubits the resulting quantum state has to be read out. This can be accomplished by coupling a single-electron transistor capacitively to the qubit (cond-mat/9801125). To describe this quantum measurement process we study the time evolution of the density matrix of the coupled system. Only when a transport voltage is turned on, the transistor destroys the phase coherence of the qubit; in this case within a short time. The measurement is accomplished after a longer time scale, when the signal resolves the different quantum states. At still longer times the measurement process itself destroys the information about the initial state. We present a suitable set of system parameters, which can be realized by present-day technology. | | Source: | arXiv, cond-mat/9811029 | | Services: | Forum | Review | PDF | Favorites | |
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